Turning News Into Knowledge

Operation Mincemeat

Malcolm Gladwell is truly a gifted, talented, and insightful person. He’s a best-selling author who challenges the way we perceive things and does his best to uncover the truth where we least expect it.

Gladwell wrote the best selling books The Tipping Point, Blink, Outliers, and What the Dog Saw: And Other Adventures.

In all honesty, he is inspiration to my own endeavors in regards to what I want to achieve with my company through the development of our product MediaMiser Enterprise and our accompanying services. However, on May 10, 2010, Gladwell’s essay for the New Yorker caught the attention of Wesley Wark, a visiting research professor at the University of Ottawa’s Graduate School of Public and International Affairs.

The essay, Pandora’s Briefcase, was on a very intriguing book by Ben Macintrye called Operation Mincemeat: How a Dead Man and a Bizarre Plan Fooled the Nazis and Assured an Allied Victory. Macintrye’s book tells the true story of how the British fooled the Nazis during the Second World War by planting false information on a corpse wearing the uniform of a royal marine officer.  A briefcase was conveniently handcuffed to the dead body and personal letters and effects were placed in the pockets.

The ruse more than likely saved thousands of lives during operation Husky, the invasion of Sicily, and at the same time helped shorten the war.

Essentially, British Intelligence convinced the Nazis that instead of the Allies invading Sicily, they were to invade the less obvious target of Greece. Gladwell uses this story to dismiss the value of both spies, secrets, and intelligence network.

Instead of espousing the virtues of a well-run intelligence agency and the folly of not having one, he chose to use the example of Operation Mincemeat as why intelligence networks are actually a counter productive liability.

The essay motivated Wark to write his own piece, which appeared in the opinion section of the Ottawa Citizen on May 25, 2010.

Wark, like myself, sees value in Gladwell’s unconventional wisdom, even going so far as to complement Gladwell by writing

the world of intelligence and warfare could use a touch of the Gladwellian.

However, Wark disagrees with Gladwell’s assessment of Operation Mincemeat and even rebukes the unconventional wisdom that in the past has served Gladwell, also writing

his unconventional wisdom can be less than wise.

My first instinct was to agree whole-heartedly with Wark – especially since MediaMiser specializes in analysis. But, in the spirit of being open minded, I decided to purchase a copy of “Operation Mincemeat” as well as read Gladwell’s essay.

After consuming both, not only did it confirm my instinct that Wark was right, it also uncovered a point that was clearly missed by both Gladwell’s essay and Wark’s rebuttal.

Operation Mincemeat was not just about the importance that intelligence can play, it also highlighted the importance of having a well orchestrated marketing or communication plan that can be properly analyzed from start to finish.

Essentially, British Intelligence was selling a concept to Nazi Intelligence that they (the Nazis) were in the market for and more than happy to buy.

Gladwell dismisses the whole operation as a bunch of ‘what ifs’ and dwells on how lucky the allies were that Operation Mincemeat didn’t backfire. Also, to further strengthen his own argument, Gladwell even questions whether the operation actually had an effect on the outcome of the invasion, suggesting Nazi high command may have had their own preconceived notions about the invasion being in Greece.

By doing so, Gladwell overlooks the genius of what British Intelligence actually accomplished and not only does he dismiss the obvious value of intelligence agencies, but inadvertently, the value of current day marketing and communication groups as well.

Operation Mincemeat was not just a hairbrain idea that was set in motion by its creators like a toy boat dropped into the currents of a stream and haphazardly reached the intended destination.

The odds of success were stacked in British Intelligences favour, because they were in control every step of the way by having clear objectives, properly researching the opportunity, and constantly analyzing the results and making adjustments along the way.

This is no different from conducting a successful marketing or communications plan:

1) For you to sell a product or to communicate a concept or idea, you must first find a market for your product or an audience willing to listen to you.

This is what the British did: They found a Nazi agent who was looking for something he desperately wanted to believe was true. It wasn’t by luck the false information found it’s way to Major Karl-Erich Kühlenthal, the Nazi agent.

If fact, both Gladwell and Macintyre, refer to Kühlenthal as “a one-man espionage disaster area.”

The British knew this because they did their homework. The planted information wasn’t found by Kühlenthal by accident.

There is even a passage in Operation Mincemeat attributed to Michael Handel, intelligence historian:

It is very unusual and very difficult for deception to create new concepts for an enemy. It is much easier and more effective to reinforce those which already exist.

2) It isn’t enough to find a market. You must be able to package the goods for sale and effectively communicate them to your target audience.

Again, the British did their homework and left nothing to chance. They ensured consistency by going to tremendous lengths to invent a plausible history for the body, placing personal letters in its uniform, forging id cards, and actually having a double agent confirm the legitimacy of the body back to the Nazis.

3) Once you’ve sold your product, you must constantly monitor and analyze to ensure your message was properly communicated.

The British went to great lengths to monitor and analyze how their disinformation was being perceived by the Nazis. They were even able to forensically tell not only whether documents where read, but how they were read.

4) Monitor and analyze in real time and adjust your strategy accordingly.

Again, the success of Operation Mincemeat was not accidental. Some Germans and Italians were wise to the possibility of a ruse. To British Intelligence’s credit, they were able to adjust their strategy with new or modified tactics.

The British used tactics such as creating fake maps, bogus invasion forces, and employing Greek personnel.

Bletchley Park, the British Intelligence’s information centre that was responsible for decrypting and interpreting enemy messages, insured the deception was taking hold by intercepting and analyzing Nazi communications.

To prevent the body from being exhumed from its burial site, they placed a headstone and had mourners constantly visit the site not only as a way to deter Nazi agents from trying to corroborate the facts, but also to monitor the site and make sure nothing was disturbed.

If the gravesite were disturbed, it would be an indication that Nazis Intelligence was skeptical.

5) Evaluate your efforts.

After the invasion, a post mortem (no pun intended), was conducted on the success of the operation. Just like any good marketing or communication plan, it’s imperative that the final results should be measured.

Finally, I find it ironic that Gladwell points out that many of the British Intelligence agents went on to become celebrated authors, such as Ian Fleming.

Gladwell uses this to say that intelligence agents are their best own publicists and have tendency to ‘self-affirm’ their exploits. This is why we believe there is value in intelligence agencies and spies.

However, maybe if Gladwell also read The Irregulars: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington, he would see that not all spies ended up being world famous authors.

One military intelligence agent, David Ogilvy (founder of Ogilvy & Mather), later became an advertising, PR, and marketing pioneer. Ogilvy was actually recruited by spymaster William Stephenson for his work with George Gallup, where he helped to pioneer polling data. Ogilvy would later use polling data, while working with British Intelligence, to help change US attitudes towards supporting Britain during the war. After the War, Ogilvy would go on to create one of the best known advertising, marketing, and PR firms.

Gladwell finishes off his essay by writing, “the next time a briefcase washes up onshore, don’t open it.”

What Gladwell should have wrote is, “next time a briefcase washes up onshore, analyze the hell out of it and exploit it for its true value.”

That’s what David Ogilvy would have done and this is one of the reasons why market research, marketing, and good analysis saved the Free World.

Just before 9:00 a.m. June 6, 2010, a couple MediaMiser staff and myself boarded a VIA train to Union Station in Toronto.

We were headed to the IABC World Conference in Toronto.

For those who don’t know what the IABC is, the acronym stands for the International Association of Business Communicators, which I and few other MediaMiser staff are members of.

IABC is an association that promotes and encourages excellence among those engaged in communicating to both internal and/or external publics, whether it’s PR, marketing, advertising, media production or human resources.

It doesn’t matter to whom you communicate; as long as you are in the business of communicating messages, IABC is an organization that helps in the art of getting your point across.

Therefore, this is not only a conference MediaMiser should be attending to learn how we can better build products to aid in the process of communication, but is one that, from a business perspective, we should be exhibiting at.

As soon as we got to Toronto, we quickly got settled into our accommodations and headed out to see the Blue Jays play the New York Yankees. Our staff works hard and we need to give back to them every chance we get.

On that note, Yankees won 4-3 ): However, Blue Jays took the series 2-1 (:

Next we headed out to the opening conference events. From a business perspective, the welcome session at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) was the most valuable.  Both the food and atmosphere at the ROM was excellent. Most importantly, we were able to meet other attendees and exhibitors.

I met both prospective and current clients, and other people with whom I shared a professional interest. Being able to establish a rapport with them could be very important in the days to come.

Monday, June 7

On Monday, our team was able to quickly set up our booth and demos. We had a good position on the exhibitor floor with good traffic, and IABC did an amazing job to promote the exhibitors. They had passport cards that people needed to get stamped, which was an excellent idea. My only criticism is that free WIFI should have been supplied to everyone at the conference. This would have enhanced both the conference organizers and exhibitors ability to reach out to the attendees.

Awards Gala

The 2010 Gold Quill Awards gala, which recognizes outstanding communication projects, was well organized and entertaining. Terry O’Reilly, CBC host for the The Age of Persuasion, was an excellent choice to MC the event.

Again, full marks to IABC.

The Next Day – Tuesday

IABC continued to impress us with the quality of speakers and, again, the continued support of exhibitors.

I was very impressed with Craig Kielburger, a Canadian activist for the rights of children — especially since he stood to talk to people for over an hour. He came across as genuine and passionate about his cause.

At the end of the day we packed up our booth quickly and planned to do the Toronto Dine-Around event. Attendees who signed up for Dine-Around event could make reservations at various restaurants in the Toronto core with other attendees. However, our team decided to go to a private product launch party hosted by Caroline Kealey of Ingenuim Communications.  Caroline created a very impressive PR planning tool, Results Map, of which I was able to get a quick demo.

The last day

As the rain came down that day and barricades for the G20 conference were going up, it seemed to signal it was time to leave.

The conference finished with a keynote by Guy Kawasaki, formally of Apple. It was entertaining, and I learned that MediaMiser was positioned high and to the right (Those who attended the keynote will get the reference).

With that parting thought, I was satisfied that the IABC conference was a resounding success.

MediaMiser Booth at the IABC World Conference

As we get down to the short strokes and anticipation builds, the question is, who will light the Olympic Cauldron?

Chances are, this decision was made long ago and it’s one of the best kept secrets of these Olympic games.

Speculation has run rampant in both traditional and social media. A poll conducted Feb 1-2 by Angus Reid and commissioned by TSN and the Globe and Mail, found the most popular choice to light the cauldron was hockey great Wayne Gretzky at 25 per cent. Paraplegic athlete Rick Hansen was next at 17per cent, followed by Cindy Klassen and then Nancy Greene.

Betty Fox, mother of National hero Terry Fox, was 6th at 10 per cent.  Recently, however, there has been a big push through social media for Betty Fox to light the cauldron. A group created on Facebook urging organizers to pick Betty Fox has nearly 120,000 members and support on Twitter is growing.

So why was Betty Fox 10 per cent in the survey if there is such an outpouring of support on Facebook and Twitter?

Well, first it’s important to note that Betty Fox was 24 per cent in her home province of BC. Also, the survey was done at the beginning of the month and support for her has recently started to take root.

Therefore, the issue seems to be that Betty Fox and her son Terry, have just recently started to creep back into our National consciousness.

During the month of January, leading up to the poll, Betty Fox received less than 2 per cent of the new coverage Gretzky received. However, during this time the lighting of the cauldron was also the furthest thing from the media’s focus. Of all stories that dealt with Betty Fox and Gretzky, less than 2 per cent of the combined stories focused on the lighting of cauldron.

Justifiably, the media’s focus was pointed at issues such as disaster relief in Haiti and, coincidentally, Gretzky was involved with a telethon to help provide support to Haiti. In the month of January over 25 per cent of coverage that Gretzky received was in regards to the telethon.

Also, being in the throes of hockey season and the World Juniors you don’t require analysis to see where the lion share of his other coverage went.

However, with 5 days to go until the lighting of the cauldron, all of a sudden, people and the media started to take notice and the issue has become a hot subject. During the last 5 days, Betty Fox has received 12 times the amount of coverage.

Betty Fox's print coverage for the Month of February.

In my opinion, if a poll was taken today, Betty Fox would be the overwhelming choice, because of the influence that traditional media has and the polarizing effect social media has to change opinion.

Also, the reason why most people chose Gretzky back in February was the influence of the media, simply because at the time, because of other coverage, he was more in our National consciousness. However, as we get closer to the lighting of the cauldron, people will think more of who will light it.

The decision that I believe was already made long ago, will be what most people would have ultimately chosen once they had time to discuss and think about the issue, and I believe it will be Betty Fox.

I just finished a book called The Irregulars: Roald Dahl and the British Spy Ring in Wartime Washington.

I chose the book for enjoyment, not for work. Ironically, however, like most books I read, I can somehow apply what I read to my professional life.

I thought this book would be different. However, I was wrong.

What do spies have to do with media analysis or building an application to support such efforts?

Well, believe it or not, media people (entrepreneurs, journalists, and corporate communicators) made the best spies. Ian Fleming, author of the James Bond novels, was a journalist  for Reuters news service before he was recruited as a British spy. However, probably the most notable communications professional turned spy was David Ogilvy, the founder of Ogilvy & Mather, a worldwide advertising, marketing and public relations agency.

Before Ogilvy was recruited, he was heavily involved in Gallup’s Audience Research Institute.

Ogilvy was recruited to help the British leverage both polling and media data to help sway American sentiment towards supporting the Allied cause against Nazi aggression. To some, this might represent a misuse of data. However, the early part of WWII was a dark time and required desperate actions.

One of the quotes recited in the book and attributed to Ogilvy was: “I notice increasing reluctance on the part of marketing executives to use judgment; they are coming to rely too much on research, and they use it as a drunkard uses a lamp post for support, rather than for illumination.”

Ogilvy believed heavily in research and in fact, used his research skills to successfully convince the American people to support the war effort. He also used those research skills to make Ogilvy & Mather a household name and very successful agency.

Ogilvy was not telling people to ignore research data, he was telling people to use it properly.

This statement does not just extend to marketing executives, it also applies to professional communicators who like most of us, are too willing to use research data to make ourselves look good instead of using it to help make unbiased and sober business decisions.

Just as British intelligence could not afford bad information from its people, business can ill afford bad information from business communicators.

As Ogilvy so succinctly stated, research is for illumination, not for support. If the research soberly supports your point, so be it. However, too often information is abused and like the British and the world as whole during WWII, misrepresenting information would have had disastrous consequences.

Made a list, checked it twice, and now the MediaMiser office is busy stuffing envelopes and licking stamps to get our holiday cards out the door.

In the meantime, we thought you might enjoy this Snowman Skiing game, which was part of last year’s gift to our clients. Be careful though–it’s highly addictive!

Happy Holidays from everyone at MediaMiser

Please take this post with a grain of salt. However, this has been a really weird week in both the world of sports and the Twittosphere.

This week, we had cases of politicians and public figures tweeting stuff they shouldn’t, which of course made it to the mainstream press, making the person who made the inappropriate tweet look foolish and requiring them to make an apology.

In the world of sports, the FIFA World Cup (Soccer/Football) is reeling from an extremely contentious goal scored by the French National team over Ireland, knocking the Irish out of the upcoming World Cup in South Africa.

So, what do these two things have in common? Well today, Thierry Henry, the French player who passed the ball with his hand (which should have negated the goal, sending Ireland to the World Cup) was reported by the Telegraph to have apologized on Twitter. You can see his apology on his Twitter page.

Now, I’m not saying it was inappropriate of Henry to say he’s sorry on Twitter. In fact, I believe this is a very good forum to do so, and many politicians and public figures may want to take note. That said, for the mainstream media reporting on Tweets of this nature, let’s be honest, it’s made for an interesting and very weird week.

Therefore, in the spirit of this very weird week, I suggest we develop a terminology for issuing apologies on Twitter.

I went to a Twitter glossary and found terminology for almost everything, except an apology. Since Twitter is now broadcasting apologies and, in many cases, is creating reasons for people (or tweeple) to apologize, we need a Twitter term for an apology.

Do you have a suggestion? Leave a comment below…

Resources:

• Nearly a third of the members of Parliament are on Twitter bandwagon (Canadian Press)
• MP tweets herself into hot water (Sun media)
• Halak agent faces Twitter backlash (CBC)
• Thierry Henry apologises for handball on Twitter (Telegraph)
• Thierry Henry’s Twitter page
• Twitter Glossary

Being the CTO (Chief Technology Officer) at MediaMiser, I’m constantly having to prioritize projects. Developing a successful application is about solving real problems and constantly being weary of cool ideas that add no value.

MediaMiser has been successful, in part because we’ve avoided features that add no value to our customers — features that are more cool than useful.

That said, six months ago we had to make a decision on whether or not to leverage Twitter content. The hard questions were asked:

• Was Twitter a flash in the pan, or is it here to stay?
• Does Twitter provide real value, or is it a forum for vacuous banter?

To figure that out, I had to experience Twitter first hand. I had to become Jane Goodall living with the apes — hence my user handle icon.

I registered myself on Twitter and decided to act like a good monkey and play nice with the locals.

What I found is that Twitter has real value and fills a void that other social media have problems addressing. Soon after, we started developing processes for collecting and analyzing twitter content in the MediaMiser platform.

What communication problem does Twitter solve?

Many refer to Twitter as a micro-blog. Twitter has a text limit of 140 characters–imposed so that Twitter could be made compatible with SMS messaging on cell phones.

That said, cell phone compatibility is not the only value of Twitter. Twitter has developed into a communications platform that addresses many different issues more efficiently than other media.

Blogging alternative

Blogs are a great way to share and broadcast information. However, maintaining a blog can be a challenge for the average person and many times people have only a little bit to say. The 140 character limitation of Twitter provides a less formal and time-consuming medium for the self-conscientious writer to update the public.

Many business professionals are turning to Twitter because it’s less time consuming than a blog. Blogs have to be well-thought out (especially for executives) and, in many cases, executives don’t have the time. Transparency, however, is important in maintaining the trust of staff and clients.

An easy to use two-way RSS feed

RSS feeds are an excellent way of providing and consuming news information. Many people use RSS feeds to keep up with techniques specific to their professional field or areas of interest. RSS feeds, however,  don’t allow for instant and two-way communications.  Twitter does.

Sharing news

Whether it’s from your website, blog,  or a news site, Twitter provides an excellent forum for re-broadcasting or sharing news information.

Forum for Corporate and Consumer related issues

Twitter offers consumers a forum for elliciting product information or providing both positive and negative feedback on products or services.  Conversely, Twitter also provides companies and organizations a mechanism to respond quickly to issues and get feedback to improve their company or organization. At the same time, companies and organizations can demonstrate and project transparency to the public, which evokes trust.

Networking and facilitating business

Twitter provides a platform for people to foster relationships and businesses to promote their brand through simply having a Twitter presence. Also, as mentioned before, Twitter also allows companies and organizations to broadcast news.

Many journalists and opinion leaders are also using Twitter to cross-promote themselves. In many cases, journalists will leak information on Twitter to create a buzz or communicate live events. During the 2009 NHL entry draft, I followed Darren Dregger and received news and draft information before it was officially published on the TSN web site.

Furthermore, using the courts, a law firm attempted to prevent a British daily newspaper from reporting a question in the British Parliament. However, outrage ensued on Twitter and other social media. The publication ban was later rescinded, partly because of the outrage on Twitter and partly because of the realization that even if there was a ban, there was no way of censoring Twitter.

Final thoughts

By leveraging the Twitter information within MediaMiser, we were able to perform competitive analysis and issues management, and identify pending issues for our clients, etc…  However, most interestingly, we were also able to correlate news information and measure the viral effect of a news story. We successfully demonstrated  the viral relationship between traditional and social media by analyzing the United Breaks Guitars issue.

Will Twitter continue to be an important communications tool? Only time will tell. It’s possible it could be displaced by a newer medium that more effectively addresses the same issues as Twitter.

That said, even media that Twitter has supplanted have not disappeared, and the same will probably be said of Twitter when other new media emerge.

One of the great dangers of social media is not saying too little, but saying too much.

Being a decision-maker and founder at MediaMiser, not only do I have intimate knowledge of where my company is going, but I also feel I have intimate knowledge of where the industry is going.

MediaMiser has a lot of credibility in its space and that opens the door to many different relationships. Plus, since a lot of my time revolves around technology and the operation of my company, I’m exposed to many leading-edge concepts.

There is so much I would love to communicate, but can’t. If I did, I could alienate partners and clients, and provide our competition with an edge.

This should not be just my dilemma, this should be everyone’s.  “Keep your cards close to your chest!”

So the question is, how do you give back and provide value so you are relevant?

The answer is there is no right answer.

It’s a tight rope walk that you need to struggle with and there maybe times where you make a mistake.  Hopefully, it’s not a big one. Keep in mind, when you say too much, you are not just hurting yourself, you could be hurting coworkers, partners, investors, etc.

Tips to avoid saying too much:

1. Don’t get emotional and always keep your ego in check: This is tough, especially if you are naturally competitive like most entrepreneurial people are.
2. Think of the consequences of communicating something and remember you can’t take it back.
3. Try to vet your information through someone else, especially if you are unsure. I personally do this a lot. It is not a weakness to know your limitations.
4. Provide a reason ‘why’ or an objective to posting information. If you can’t answer why, maybe it’s not a good idea. Warning: if you have a reason, make sure it doesn’t conflict with point 1, ‘don’t get emotional’. Some ideas seem good at first. Also, when justifying something, deploy point 3.
5. Wait a day before communicating something. This helps flush out ideas based on pure emotion.
6. Have a clear idea what your target medium is designed for. This may also aid in preventing abuse.
7. Develop a social media usage policy for your organization.
8. Develop internal social media networks. This has the potential of also creating a new set of problems, but at least in theory the damage will be limited internally. This also allows people to get familiar with social media. Practice makes perfect.

These tips aren’t designed to remove spontaneity or to stifle creativity.  However, it may be a side effect. This is why I wrote, “it’s a tight rope walk.”

On July 10, I wrote a blog posting called Beware of the viral nature of media.

It dealt with the United Breaks Guitars video, which went viral across the web and mainstream North American media.

Joe Boughner responded to the posting quite rightly questioning how much damage was actually being done to United Airlines’ brand. Joe also hoped that someone would do a six-month post-analysis on the story.

Well, we decided to do a one-month analysis of the United Breaks Guitars story and have some interesting results.

Whether long-term damage was done is still up for debate, especially since our analysis covers only the month of July.

That said, you can find the complete analysis on the Resource Center on the MediaMiser website. You can access it without providing personal information.

For those who don’t want to read it, here are some of the findings, which are backed up by the analysis in the report:

• Even though blogs and Twitter may have alerted traditional media of the story, traditional media outlets supercharged the story and made it a real issue for United Airlines.
• The majority of micro-bloggers (Twitter), tend be heavily influenced by the mainstream media.
• Do not underestimate the influence of blogs.  Even though the popularity of other social media is on the increase, and the number of people writing blogs may be waning, many are still relying on blogs for information.
• Not surprisingly, United Breaks Guitars dominated the news for United Airlines during the month of July.

Chart showing the different media interaction over time.

There is probably a lot of handwringing at the New Brunswick Telegraph-Journal over the so-called “wafergate” incident…

A story published on July 8, reported that Prime Mister Stephen Harper may have pocketed a communion wafer at former Governor General Roméo LeBlanc’s state funeral.

Three weeks after the fact, the Telegraph-Journal issued an apology and both the paper’s chief editor and publisher were apparently fired.

The Telegraph-Journal is one of New Brunswick’s most prominent and trusted newspapers.

There are people now questioning what led to the story and the motivation behind the apparent firings.

Whatever the motivations may be, I believe the reputation of a newspaper is its most valuable asset. This may or may not have been a factor in the apparent firings, and either way, I’m not personally judging the paper or their staff.

However, from a business perspective, newspapers must protect their brand and reputation.

Some believe that newspapers are dying and that you won’t need a paper to publish information.  Anyone will be able to do it online.

However, not everyone is a trusted source and we crave trusted sources.

Newsprint may disappear, but the masthead won’t if the paper is run properly and the journalistic professionalism is safeguarded.

A newspaper’s greatest asset is not the presses, the computers, or the paper it’s printed on, but the reputation of its brand.